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What you need to know

Effective communication around heavy equipment is critical for maintaining safety on construction sites. Clear communication helps prevent equipment accidents and improves productivity.

Tips for using hand signals and communicating when moving heavy equipment:

  1. Establish Predefined Hand Signals: Use standardized hand signals or two-way radios to communicate between the equipment operator and the work crew. These signals allow for precise movement coordination.
  2. Maintain Clear Line of Sight: Always maintain a clear line of sight between the operator and workers. Heavy equipment has blind spots, so if you can’t see the operator, they can’t see you.
  3. Use a Spotter: When heavy equipment is in motion, use a designated spotter. The spotter ensures safe movement by guiding the operator and alerting workers.

Hand Signals:

Below are common hand signals for communication with excavation and the movement of heavy equipment:

Safety card of hand signals for communication with excavator operators
Image sourced from the Electronic Library of Construction Occupational Safety & Health.1

Why it matters

No matter what hand signals are used, it’s essential that the operator and spotter/signaler are on the same page with communication. As an employee, understanding and adhering to proper communication protocols around heavy equipment is critical for your safety and that of your colleagues. By staying aligned and using hand signals correctly, you can help prevent accidents and maintain a productive work environment.   
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More resources

Construction resources: Construction Loss Control Services
[1] Electronic Library of Construction Occupational Safety & Health. “Construction Safety Association of Ontario, Card of Hand Signals.” Maintained by the Center for Construction Research and Training

The information included is designed for informational purposes only. It is not legal, tax, financial or any other sort of advice, nor is it a substitute for such advice. The information may not apply to your specific situation. We have tried to make sure the information is accurate, but it could be outdated or even inaccurate in parts. It is the reader’s responsibility to comply with any applicable local, state, or federal regulations. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, its affiliates and their employees make no warranties about the information nor guarantee of results, and they assume no liability in connection with the information provided.